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If you hold a Long-Term Visit Pass and are wondering whether LTVP holders can work in Singapore, the short answer is yes — but only with the right authorisation. You cannot simply accept a job offer and turn up on your first day. Most LTVP holders who want to work in Singapore must first obtain a Letter of Consent (LOC) or, in some cases, a separate work pass. Working without proper authorisation is a serious offence under the Employment of Foreign Manpower Act. This guide covers everything you need to know before you apply. Key Takeaways What Is an LTVP and Who Qualifies for One? A Long-Term Visit Pass (LTVP) is a pass issued by the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) that allows specific family members of Singapore Citizens (SCs) or Permanent Residents (PRs) to live in Singapore on a long-term basis. Who typically qualifies for an LTVP: The LTVP is not the same as the Dependant’s Pass (DP), which is issued to family members of Employment Pass (EP) or S Pass holders. This distinction matters enormously when it comes to LTVP employment rules — the type of work authorisation you need depends on which pass you hold and who sponsors it. It is also important to note that the ICA and the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) serve different roles. ICA issues the LTVP itself, while MOM oversees whether and how you are permitted to work in Singapore. Understanding these boundaries from the outset will save you a great deal of confusion when you begin the application process. Can an LTVP Holder Legally Work in Singapore? Yes — but not without prior approval. LTVP holders can work in Singapore only after receiving the correct work authorisation. The route you take depends on who sponsors your LTVP. Here is a quick reference: LTVP Sponsor Work Authorisation Required Singapore Citizen (SC) or PR Letter of Consent (LOC) via MOM Employment Pass or S Pass holder Letter of Consent (LOC) via EP Online No qualifying sponsor Must apply for an independent work pass (EP, S Pass, or Work Permit) LTVP Holders Sponsored by an Employment Pass or S Pass Holder If your LTVP is linked to a spouse or family member who holds an EP or S Pass, your prospective employer applies for an LOC through the EP Online portal managed by MOM. This route tends to be processed quickly. LTVP Holders Sponsored by a Singapore Citizen or Permanent Resident If your LTVP is sponsored by an SC or PR, your LOC application is also handled through MOM. The LOC is employer-specific — if you change jobs, a new LOC must be applied for before you can start with your new employer. For a detailed comparison of how these two passes differ from each other, read: Long-Term Visit Pass vs Dependant Pass in Singapore: What’s the Difference? How the Letter of Consent Works for LTVP Employment The pre-approved Letter of Consent in Singapore is the primary authorisation tool for most LTVP holders who wish to take up employment. It is not a work pass — it is an employer-tied permission document that allows you to work for one specific employer at a time. What you need to know before your employer applies: Step-by-step: How the LOC application process works Documents your employer will typically need: Processing is generally fast, but timelines can vary. The safest rule: wait for the official document before you start. LTVP+ vs LTVP — Does It Affect Your Work Eligibility in Singapore? This is a distinction that most online guides skip over — and it is one of the most important factors in determining your LTVP work eligibility in Singapore. The LTVP+ is an enhanced version of the Long-Term Visit Pass. It is issued to spouses and unmarried children of Singapore Citizens who demonstrate strong family integration or who are considered strong candidates for permanent residency. How the two passes compare: Feature LTVP LTVP+ Validity period Up to 2 years Up to 3 years Healthcare access Limited subsidies Broader access to subsidised rates Work authorisation The employer must apply for the LOC separately LOC is pre-approved as part of the pass PR application profile Standard Stronger standing Flexibility to change employers New LOC required per employer Greater flexibility under pre-approved LOC If you hold an LTVP+, the Letter of Consent component is effectively built in. This means your employer does not need to go through a separate LOC application process — significantly reducing friction when you are job hunting. This difference is worth considering if you are in the process of applying for or renewing your LTVP. The type of pass you hold has real, practical consequences for how quickly and easily you can enter the workforce. What Types of Jobs Can LTVP Holders Take in Singapore? Under a valid LOC, there are no restrictions on the industry or job sector an LTVP holder can work in. Whether it is finance, healthcare, logistics, F&B, education, or technology — all sectors are open to you. Key points on job eligibility under an LOC: Can LTVP holders do freelance or self-employed work? This is one of the most frequently asked questions — and the answer is no, not under an LOC. The LOC is tied to a single employer. It does not cover freelancing, consulting for multiple clients, or running your own business. If self-employment is your goal, you would need to explore options such as the EntrePass or seek direct guidance from MOM on your eligibility. Employer obligations under LTVP employment rules: Employers in Singapore bear significant responsibility when hiring LTVP holders. Under the Employment of Foreign Manpower Act (EFMA): This is not just the LTVP holder’s responsibility — it sits equally with the employer. Common Mistakes That Can Affect Your LTVP Employment Rules Even well-intentioned LTVP holders and employers make avoidable errors. Here are the most common mistakes — and why they matter. A real scenario that illustrates the risk: A foreign spouse residing in Singapore on an

Singapore publishes no scoring sheet for citizenship. There is no points system, no published income threshold, and no guaranteed pathway. Yet the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) approves and rejects thousands of applications every year. So how does it actually work? Singapore citizenship criteria are evaluated holistically. ICA looks at your income, your family ties, your character, your national service obligations, and how genuinely integrated into Singapore society you are. No single factor decides the outcome. This article breaks down every category ICA assesses — including the hidden signals most applicants never consider — so you can walk into your application with a clear, realistic picture. Key Takeaways What Are the Singapore Citizenship Criteria ICA Uses to Evaluate Applications? The most important thing to understand upfront: ICA does not use a checklist. There is no minimum salary, no fixed PR holding period, and no single qualifying condition that guarantees approval. What ICA uses instead is a holistic assessment — weighing your entire profile across multiple categories simultaneously. This is both what makes the process feel opaque and what makes thorough preparation so important. Here is a direct overview of the main Singapore citizenship criteria ICA evaluates: Assessment Category What ICA Evaluates Economic contribution Income level, employment stability, CPF and IRAS records Family ties Singaporean spouse, children, parents, or siblings Length of residency Years held as a Singapore PR before applying Character and conduct Criminal record, tax compliance, civic behaviour National Service NS liability and completion for male applicants and their sons Integration and commitment Community involvement, local ties, intent to renounce foreign citizenship Each of these carries weight. None operates in isolation. A strong showing in three categories can compensate for modest performance in another, but significant weaknesses in multiple areas create a difficult case to overcome. ICA does not disclose rejection reasons. If your application is unsuccessful, you will receive a standard letter with no detailed explanation. This makes self-assessment before submission essential. How ICA Assesses Income as Part of Singapore Citizenship Criteria Income is the factor most applicants fixate on. It matters — but not in the way most people assume. Why Income Matters — But Is Not the Deciding Factor There is no official minimum income requirement for Singapore citizenship. ICA does not publish a salary floor. What it does assess is whether your income profile demonstrates economic self-sufficiency and a meaningful contribution to Singapore over time. A single high-income year carries far less weight than five years of consistent, growing earnings. This is a distinction many applicants miss entirely when preparing their citizenship application in Singapore. Your CPF contribution history functions as a secondary income signal. Regular, uninterrupted CPF contributions confirm consistent formal employment. They also show that you are participating in Singapore’s social infrastructure — not just collecting a salary. What Income Profile Strengthens a Citizenship Application in Singapore An income profile that strengthens your case looks like this: Consider two PR holders, both earning SGD 7,000 per month at the time of application. One has filed taxes consistently for five years with matching CPF records. The other has two filing gaps and one year of self-employment with no CPF trail. Both earn the same amount. Their credibility profiles are not the same. For self-employed applicants, IRAS Notices of Assessment carry extra importance. Without a CPF contribution record, your tax filings become the primary evidence of legitimate, stable income. Ensure they are complete, accurate, and filed on time every year. How Family Ties Factor Into Singapore Citizen Requirements Family ties to Singapore are one of the most meaningful signals ICA looks for. They speak directly to permanence — to the idea that you are building a life here, not just a career. Singaporean Spouse and Children — The Strongest Family Connection Having a Singaporean spouse is one of the most positive signals in any Singapore citizenship assessment. It demonstrates a legally committed personal relationship rooted in Singapore. It signals shared long-term intent — both yours and your partner’s. Children enrolled in Singapore’s local schools strengthen this picture considerably. A child sitting through the national curriculum, learning the national language, and growing up within Singapore’s social fabric is one of the clearest indicators that a family intends to stay permanently. ICA recognises this. It is worth noting that children born to Singaporean fathers acquire citizenship automatically. However, foreign spouses with Singaporean partners still go through the full citizenship application in Singapore. A Singaporean spouse helps — it does not fast-track approval. Parents, Siblings, and Wider Family Ties to Singapore Singaporean parents or adult siblings improve your overall case, though they carry less weight than a spouse or dependent children. They contribute to the broader picture of a life genuinely anchored in Singapore. Where elderly Singaporean parents are dependent on the applicant — financially or in terms of care — this adds a humanitarian dimension that ICA considers thoughtfully. It reinforces the narrative that the applicant is not just economically present in Singapore, but personally and emotionally rooted here. The underlying logic applies to all family ties: the more your personal life is built around Singapore, the stronger your case. Family is one of the clearest ways to demonstrate that. The Role of National Service in Singapore Citizenship Assessment National Service is not simply a legal obligation. In the context of how ICA assesses citizenship applications, it functions as one of the most direct signals of long-term commitment to Singapore. Male Singapore PRs who have completed National Service — or who are actively fulfilling their NS liability — are viewed considerably more favourably during assessment. NS is a sacrifice that carries symbolic and practical weight. It tells ICA that you have contributed to Singapore’s security and social fabric in a way that goes well beyond professional or economic participation. For male applicants with sons approaching NS age, ICA also considers whether those sons will serve. A father applying for citizenship whilst his son is expected to complete NS sends a clear message: this family is here

You have a job offer in Singapore. Now you need to figure out which work pass applies to you. The EP vs S Pass in Singapore debate trips up thousands of foreign professionals every year. Both are issued by the Ministry of Manpower (MOM). But they are designed for different salary levels, qualifications, and career stages. Choosing the wrong one wastes time and risks rejection. This guide breaks down the real differences between the Employment Pass and the S Pass in Singapore, who qualifies for each, and exactly how to decide which is right for your situation in 2026. Key Takeaways What Is the Difference Between an EP and an S Pass in Singapore? The simplest answer: the Employment Pass is for senior professionals, and the S Pass is for mid-skilled workers. Both passes allow foreigners to work legally in Singapore. Both are employer-sponsored. But the requirements, restrictions, and long-term implications are considerably different. Here is a direct work pass Singapore comparison at a glance: Factor Employment Pass (EP) S Pass Minimum monthly salary SGD 5,000 (SGD 5,500 for financial services) SGD 3,150 (SGD 3,650 for financial services) Target applicant Professionals, managers, executives Mid-skilled technicians and associates Quota restriction None 10–18% of workforce (sector-dependent) Employer levy None SGD 550–SGD 650 per month Dependant Pass eligibility Easier to qualify Stricter criteria apply Assessment framework COMPASS (points-based) Standard MOM criteria Pass duration (first issuance) Up to 2 years Up to 2 years This table gives you the structural picture. The sections below go deeper — including factors most guides skip entirely. Employment Pass Requirements in Singapore — What You Need to Qualify The Employment Pass is Singapore’s primary work visa for foreign professionals. It targets roles that require specialist knowledge, managerial responsibility, or executive decision-making. Salary Threshold and the COMPASS Framework for Employment Pass Applicants The minimum qualifying salary for an Employment Pass in Singapore is SGD 5,000 per month for most sectors. For financial services roles, the threshold rises to SGD 5,500 per month. These figures apply to new applications in 2026. Salary alone is no longer sufficient. Since September 2023, all EP applications have been assessed under the COMPASS framework — a points-based evaluation system introduced by MOM to assess applicants more holistically. COMPASS scores applicants across four criteria: COMPASS Criteria What It Measures Salary benchmark How does your salary compare to local PMET peers in the same occupation Qualifications Degree level and institution quality Diversity Whether your nationality adds workforce diversity to the employer Support for local employment Whether the employer has a strong track record of hiring Singaporeans A minimum score of 40 points is required to pass. Applicants who score below 40 are rejected — regardless of salary level. Example: An IT professional earning SGD 7,000 per month with a recognised bachelor’s degree, applying to a company with a diverse workforce, could realistically score between 45 and 55 points — comfortably above the threshold. Who Is the Employment Pass in Singapore Designed For? The EP targets PMET roles — Professionals, Managers, Executives, and Technicians. These are roles that involve independent judgement, specialised expertise, or strategic responsibility. Key eligibility signals include: There is no quota cap for the Employment Pass. However, employers must comply with the Fair Consideration Framework, which requires them to advertise vacancies to Singaporeans before hiring foreign candidates. For a full breakdown, see Singapore Work Pass Guide: Types, Eligibility, and Application Process. S Pass Eligibility in Singapore — Who Qualifies and What to Expect The S Pass sits between the Employment Pass and a basic Work Permit. It is designed for mid-skilled workers with technical qualifications and relevant industry experience. Salary and Qualification Requirements for the S Pass in Singapore The minimum salary for S Pass eligibility in Singapore is SGD 3,150 per month for most sectors. For financial services roles, the minimum is SGD 3,650 per month in 2026. Educational requirements include: Example: A logistics coordinator with a diploma in supply chain management earning SGD 3,500 per month would typically meet S Pass eligibility in Singapore. A fresh graduate with no relevant work experience in the same role would face considerably higher scrutiny. S Pass Quota and Levy — What Employers in Singapore Need to Know This is where the S Pass differs most significantly from the EP — and it directly affects whether your employer will sponsor your application. S Pass holders are subject to a workforce quota: If an employer has already reached its S Pass quota, no additional S Pass applications in Singapore can be approved — regardless of how strong the applicant’s profile is. On top of the quota, employers pay a monthly levy per S Pass holder: The levy is paid by the employer, not the worker. But it directly influences hiring decisions. Many employers — particularly in the services sector — prefer EP-eligible candidates to avoid levy costs and quota constraints. Understanding this dynamic is an important part of any work pass Singapore comparison. EP vs S Pass in Singapore — A Deeper Look at the Key Differences The comparison table covers the basics. Here is what the numbers alone do not show. Read How to Get PR in Singapore: 2026 Eligibility and Processfor the full picture. The Factor Most Work Pass Comparisons Miss — How Your Job Scope Determines Your Pass Most EP vs S Pass in Singapore guides focus almost entirely on salary. This section covers what they consistently leave out — and it affects more applicants than you might expect. MOM does not classify your pass eligibility based on your job title alone. It classifies it based on your job function and scope, using the Singapore Standard Occupational Classification (SSOC). Here is what that means in practice. Scenario: Two applicants both earn SGD 5,200 per month. One is a regional marketing manager responsible for campaign strategy and team oversight. The other is a senior production supervisor managing shift workers on a factory floor. Both earn the same salary. But MOM may classify one as

You submitted everything on time. You waited six months. Then the rejection letter arrived with no explanation. For thousands of Employment Pass and S Pass holders in Singapore, Singapore PR application rejection reasons are never officially disclosed. The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) uses a holistic assessment model, but it does not tell you which part of your profile fell short. Most rejections follow a pattern. Specific profile gaps, document errors, and missed signals consistently work against applicants. This article breaks down the real reasons why PR gets rejected in Singapore — and gives you practical PR application tips for Singapore residents ready to build a stronger case. Key Takeaways What Are the Most Common Singapore PR Application Rejection Reasons? ICA evaluates applications across multiple dimensions. No single factor decides your outcome. It weighs your economic contribution, your social integration, your personal ties to Singapore, and the completeness of your submission. What makes this difficult is transparency. ICA publishes no official rejection breakdown. However, based on the Ministry of Manpower’s published PMET employment data and patterns observed across thousands of applications, six factors consistently contribute to rejection. The six most common Singapore PR rejection reasons are: Each of these is covered in detail below. Your Employment Profile Is the Biggest Factor in PR Approval in Singapore ICA treats your job as the clearest measure of your economic value to Singapore. This is where most applications are won or lost. Salary, Job Title, and Industry Directly Affect Your PR Application in Singapore There is no official salary floor for Singapore PR applications. In practice, however, salary benchmarks significantly shape how your profile is scored. Employment Pass holders earning above SGD 8,000 per month tend to receive stronger consideration. Applicants earning between SGD 3,000 and SGD 5,000 — particularly in roles that are abundant locally — face tougher scrutiny. ICA also weighs your industry. Sectors that align with Singapore’s long-term economic strategy include: These industries are explicitly prioritised in the Ministry of Manpower’s Skills in Demand framework, which guides workforce planning for PMET roles in Singapore. If your role falls within these sectors, your profile is already more aligned with what ICA values. Job Stability Signals Tell ICA How Committed You Are A candidate who has held four jobs in three years looks unsettled compared to someone who has grown steadily within one organisation. ICA looks for: Frequent job changes do not automatically disqualify you. But you will need other strengths — such as a higher salary or deeper community roots — to compensate. Learn more about what makes a strong profile in our Complete Guide to Singapore Permanent Residency (PR) Application in 2026. How Your Personal Profile Affects PR Approval Chances in Singapore Your employment record is only part of the picture. ICA also assesses your personal profile — your age, your roots in Singapore, and your long-term intent. Age Is a Factor — Here Is Why Applicants between 25 and 40 years old tend to have stronger approval rates. ICA favours candidates who can contribute to Singapore over a longer productive period. Older applicants are not automatically rejected. But they must demonstrate stronger compensating factors: Length of Stay in Singapore Is Consistently Underestimated Many applicants apply after just twelve months on an Employment Pass. Whilst technically eligible, the reality is that most successful PR holders had lived in Singapore for at least two to three years before approval. Length of stay signals genuine commitment. ICA looks for: If you have children in a local school, hold a long-term rental or property in Singapore, or have a Singaporean spouse, these ties carry real weight. Read Permanent Resident Criteria in Singapore: Factors ICA Considers for a deeper breakdown. Financial and Tax Records That Raise Red Flags in PR Applications Most applicants focus on income level. Fewer think carefully about how their financial records appear as a complete picture across multiple years. ICA cross-references your IRAS tax filings and CPF contribution history. Inconsistencies between what your employer reports and what appears in your tax records create credibility gaps. Watch out for these financial red flags: Here is something most Singapore PR application guides never mention: it is not just the amount of tax you pay that matters to ICA. It is the consistency of your filing, year on year. An applicant earning SGD 5,000 monthly who has filed taxes without interruption for five consecutive years presents a more credible and reliable profile than someone earning SGD 8,000 with two filing gaps. CPF contribution records are equally important. They confirm that you are consistently employed — not working through irregular arrangements. Keep both your IRAS filings and CPF records clean well before your submission date. Application Errors That Lead to PR Rejection in Singapore Some rejections have nothing to do with your profile. They happen because of avoidable document mistakes. The ICA system does not allow corrections after submission. If something is missing or inconsistent, your application proceeds with that flaw — and assessors notice. Common document errors that cause PR rejection in Singapore: Timing errors are equally damaging. Applying within your first year in Singapore, or shortly after a job change, weakens your submission. A stronger profile submitted at the two-and-a-half-year mark consistently outperforms an early application with gaps. Document checklist before you submit: For the complete document list, see Essential Documents for a Successful PR Application in Singapore. The Factor Most Applicants Overlook — Community Involvement as a PR Approval Signal This is the section that most Singapore PR application guides skip entirely. It is also one of the clearest differentiators between two otherwise identical applicants. ICA’s framework values applicants who demonstrate genuine integration into Singapore society — not just economic output. One of the most direct ways to show this is through consistent, documented community involvement. What counts as meaningful community involvement? Why does this matter to ICA? Community involvement tells ICA two things: you want to belong in Singapore, not simply work here. And you are contributing beyond your

You have built a life in Singapore — a career, a home, a routine. Now you want your family here too. Whether it is your spouse, your children, or your parents, bringing your family to Singapore on a visa starts with one decision: the Dependant’s Pass or the long-term visit pass in Singapore. They look similar on the surface, but they cover very different family situations. Choose the wrong one and your family’s arrival gets delayed. Miss a salary threshold, and the application is rejected before it even begins. This guide gives you the clarity to get it right the first time. Key Takeaways Understanding the Two Main Family Visa Options in Singapore When it comes to family visas in Singapore, most EP and S Pass holders have two options: the Dependant’s Pass (DP) and the Long-Term Visit Pass (LTVP). Both are governed by MOM. Both allow your family to live alongside you here. And both come with conditions that determine whether your specific family member qualifies. The difference is not about which pass is better — it is about which pass fits your family. Feature Dependant’s Pass Long-Term Visit Pass Who it covers Legally married spouse, unmarried children below 21 Common-law partner, stepchild, handicapped child, parents Minimum sponsor salary (EP or S Pass) S$6,000 per month S$6,000 per month (S$12,000 for parents) Work rights Not automatic — requires a separate work pass Not automatic — requires Letter of Consent Governing body MOM MOM Validity Tied to your pass Tied to your pass The LTVP is not a lesser option. For many families — particularly those with a common-law partner or elderly parents — it is the only route available. Understanding this distinction before you start the process saves weeks of wasted preparation. Who Qualifies for a Dependant’s Pass in Singapore? If you are legally married and your spouse is waiting to join you here, the Dependant’s Pass in Singapore is most likely the right route. It also covers your unmarried children below 21, including legally adopted children. What it does not cover is a common-law or unmarried partner. If your relationship is not formally registered as a marriage, your partner will need to apply for an LTVP instead. Eligibility conditions you need to meet as the sponsor: Salary thresholds by sponsor type: Your Pass Type Minimum Monthly Salary to Sponsor a DP Employment Pass S$6,000 S Pass S$6,000 EntrePass or PEP S$12,000 Once your application is approved, MOM issues an In-Principle Approval (IPA) letter. Your spouse or child then travels to Singapore and completes registration at the Employment Pass Services Centre within the IPA validity period. A few practical details to keep in mind: 👉 Read more: Dependant’s Pass Application in Singapore: Key Requirements and Procedures Who Qualifies for a Long-Term Visit Pass in Singapore? If your family member does not fit the Dependant’s Pass criteria — your common-law partner, your step-children, a child with disabilities, or your elderly parents — the long-term visit pass in Singapore is the route designed for them. MOM recognises four specific relationships under the LTVP framework: Family Member Your Eligible Pass Minimum Monthly Salary Common-law spouse EP or S Pass S$6,000 Stepchild (unmarried, below 21) EP or S Pass S$6,000 Handicapped child (any age) EP or S Pass S$6,000 Parent or parent-in-law EP or S Pass S$12,000 The S$12,000 threshold for bringing your parents to Singapore is the detail that catches most sponsors off guard. It is double the standard requirement — and it applies to both your parents and your parents-in-law. A few additional points worth knowing: Knowing which pass applies to each family member before you start preparing documents is the most important step in this entire process. 👉 Read more: Long-Term Visit Pass and Dependant’s Pass Work Rights in Singapore: What Your Family Can and Cannot Do One of the most common questions from families arriving in Singapore on a spouse visa or family pass is whether they can work. The short answer is yes — but not automatically, and the process differs depending on which pass your family member holds. Neither a Dependant’s Pass nor a long-term visit pass in Singapore gives your spouse or family member the right to start work upon arrival. Here is what they actually need to do: Pass Type Can They Work? How? Dependant’s Pass holder Yes — but not automatically Must qualify for and obtain their own work pass (EP, S Pass, or Work Permit) LTVP holder Yes — but not automatically Must obtain a Letter of Consent (LOC) from MOM; their employer applies on their behalf Here is the change many families are still unaware of: since May 2021, your spouse on a Dependant’s Pass can no longer work via a Letter of Consent alone. They must independently meet the qualifications and salary criteria for their own EP, S Pass, or Work Permit. Your spouse on an LTVP, however, can still work through a Letter of Consent — making the LTVP route more accessible if your partner wants to work but does not yet meet a standalone work pass threshold. This distinction often becomes the deciding factor when families are weighing up the practical implications of each pass type — especially when your partner has every intention of building their own career here. 👉 Read more: Understanding Dependant Pass Holders’ Rights in Singapore How to Apply for a Long-Term Visit Pass or Dependant’s Pass in Singapore Once you know which pass applies to your family member, the application process itself is straightforward — provided your documents are complete and submitted in one go. Applying for a Dependant’s Pass: Applying for a Long-Term Visit Pass in Singapore: One important reminder: your family member should not travel to Singapore before the IPA letter is issued. Arriving without one creates unnecessary complications at the border and adds stress to what should be a straightforward reunion. 👉 Read more: Long-Term Visit Pass for Spouse in Singapore: Step-by-Step Application Guide The Family Pass Risk Most Singapore

A Singapore citizenship application is the final step in fully committing to Singapore as your permanent home. Before you apply, you must already be a Singapore Permanent Resident — and in most cases, you need to have held PR status for at least two years. This is not just a form you fill in. It is a declaration of where you belong, where you plan to build your future, and how deeply you have integrated into Singaporean life. This guide covers everything you need: eligibility, Singapore citizenship requirements, documents, timeline, the ICA interview, and what genuinely improves your approval chances. Key Takeaways Citizenship Eligibility in Singapore: Who Can Apply? Not every PR is automatically eligible to apply. Citizenship eligibility in Singapore depends on which category your profile falls under — and each category comes with its own specific conditions. ICA recognises five eligibility pathways: Eligibility Category Key Condition PR aged 21 and above Must have held PR for at least 2 years PR married to a Singapore citizen Must have been married for at least 2 years and held PR for at least 2 years Unmarried child below 21 of a Singapore citizen A Singapore citizen parent sponsors the application PR student in Singapore Must have resided in Singapore for more than 3 years, at least 1 year as a PR, and passed a national exam Aged PR parent of a Singapore citizen A Singapore citizen child aged at least 21 must sponsor the application Meeting the minimum eligibility criteria does not guarantee approval. ICA uses a holistic assessment that looks far beyond the basic threshold. Children below 21 can be included in a parent’s application — provided both parents are applying together and meet the eligibility requirements. Read more: Key Benefits of Singapore Citizenship for Permanent Residents Singapore Citizenship Requirements: What ICA Really Looks At There is no published scoring matrix for citizenship. Unlike the Employment Pass COMPASS framework, ICA does not score your Singapore citizenship application against a fixed set of criteria with visible point allocations. What ICA assesses is the full depth of your commitment to Singapore — and that assessment is far more personal than most applicants expect. Key factors ICA weighs in every application: One important distinction: citizenship carries a higher level of scrutiny than PR. It is permanent and irrevocable. ICA takes longer and looks deeper — precisely because the decision cannot be reversed. Singapore also does not recognise dual citizenship under any circumstances. Once your application is approved, all previous foreign citizenships must be formally renounced before or at your citizenship confirmation appointment. Read more: Permanent Resident Criteria in Singapore: Factors ICA Considers Documents Required for Your Singapore Citizenship Application Incomplete documentation is the most common reason ICA requests supplementary submissions — adding weeks to an already lengthy timeline. Prepare everything before you open the portal. All non-English documents must be accompanied by a certified English translation. ICA accepts translations from the issuing country’s embassy, a notary public in Singapore, or a privately translated document attested by the relevant embassy. Core documents required: Fees at a glance: Stage Fee At submission (adult PR applicants) S$100 per applicant (non-refundable) Singapore Citizenship Certificate (upon approval) S$70 Singapore Identity Card (aged 15 and above) S$10 Payment is accepted online via Visa, Mastercard, AMEX, internet direct debit, or PayNow. All fees are non-refundable regardless of the outcome. Read more: ICA Application for Singapore Citizenship: Common Mistakes to Avoid How to Become a Singapore Citizen: Step-by-Step Application Process Here is the full process from start to finish, in the order ICA expects it. A note on family applications: if you are applying together with your spouse and children, the primary applicant initiates the full application. All dependants are included under the same submission. Read more: Singapore Citizenship Application Guide for Permanent Residents Singapore Citizenship Application Timeline: How Long Does It Take? ICA does not publish a fixed processing window. Timelines vary based on individual profiles, the complexity of each case, and the overall volume of applications being processed at any given time. That said, here are the general timelines most applicants should plan around: Stage Estimated Timeframe Submission to acknowledgement Immediate (online confirmation) Standard processing period 12 to 18 months Interview invitation (if applicable) Within the standard processing period Approval notification Upon completion of ICA’s assessment Citizenship formalities and oath-taking Within a few weeks of approval A longer wait does not mean rejection. Complex profiles or those requiring additional document verification simply take more time. ICA does not send interim updates — the only way to monitor progress is through the ICA e-Service portal using Singpass. What you should do during the wait: The citizenship approval rate in Singapore is not published by ICA. What is known is that roughly 22,000 to 23,000 approvals are granted each year — and the competition is real. Patience and a strong, well-prepared profile are your two most reliable assets. What the ICA Citizenship Interview Actually Tests and How to Prepare This is the part most articles skim over — and it is the part that catches the most applicants off guard. Not every applicant is invited for an interview. When ICA does call you in, it is not a sign that something is wrong. It typically means your profile requires further clarification or that ICA wants to verify the depth of your commitment in person. The interview is conducted by an ICA officer in a conversational format. It is not an examination. But what the officer is assessing beneath the surface is far more specific than most applicants realise. What ICA is actually evaluating during the interview: How to prepare effectively: The interview, when it happens, is an opportunity — not an obstacle. Treat it as a conversation about the life you have already built here. Frequently Asked Questions About the Singapore Citizenship Application Can I keep my foreign passport after becoming a Singapore citizen? No. Singapore does not permit dual citizenship under any circumstances. Upon approval of your Singapore

Every foreigner who wants to work in Singapore must hold a valid Singapore work pass application approval before their first day on the job. There is no single pass that fits everyone — the right one depends on your qualifications, salary, and the type of work you do. With over ten official pass types across four categories, knowing where to start is half the battle. This guide breaks down every major pass type, the work visa Singapore requirements you need to meet, how to apply, and how long the process takes — in plain, straightforward English. Key Takeaways Understanding the Singapore Work Pass System: What You Need to Know First Before choosing a pass type, it helps to understand who governs what. The Ministry of Manpower (MOM) manages all work passes in Singapore. The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) handles visas and long-term residency separately. These are two different systems — and confusing them is a common mistake. One rule applies across every pass type: you cannot begin work until your pass is approved and issued. Working without a valid pass is an offence under the Employment of Foreign Manpower Act, and penalties apply to both the employer and the employee. Singapore organises its work passes into four broad categories: Category Who It Covers Professionals Managers, executives, entrepreneurs, and top global talent Skilled and semi-skilled workers Mid-level skilled workers and migrant workers Trainees and students Foreign professionals and students on practical training Family members Spouses and children of eligible pass holders The right pass depends on three things: your role, your salary, and your qualifications. Get that combination right from the start, and the application process becomes significantly more straightforward. Singapore Work Pass Types: Which One Applies to You? Here is a clear breakdown of the main pass types most professionals and employers will encounter. Employment Pass in Singapore The Employment Pass in Singapore is the most common route for foreign professionals, managers, executives, and technicians. The EP is the entry point for most foreign professionals coming to Singapore. It is also the most scrutinised — which is why preparation matters. S Pass The S Pass is designed for mid-level skilled workers who do not meet the EP salary threshold. If your candidate earns between S$3,300 and S$5,599, the S Pass is likely the applicable route — provided the employer has quota available. EntrePass The EntrePass is for foreign entrepreneurs who want to start and operate a business in Singapore. Personalised Employment Pass The Personalised Employment Pass (PEP) is for high-earning professionals who want flexibility. Work Permit The Work Permit covers skilled and semi-skilled migrant workers in specific sectors. Work Visa Singapore Requirements: What Employers and Applicants Must Prepare Understanding work visa Singapore requirements starts with one key fact: for most pass types, the employer submits the application — not the applicant. The exception is the EntrePass, where the applicant applies directly. Here is what both sides need to prepare: For the Applicant For the Employer Valid passport (minimum six months’ validity) ACRA business registration documents Educational certificates and transcripts Company UEN and CorpPass login credentials Updated CV or resume Justification for hiring a foreign professional Payslips from current employer (if applicable) Proof of MyCareersFuture job advertisement (EP only) Proof of professional qualifications or licences Monthly levy payment setup (S Pass only) One requirement many employers overlook is the Fair Consideration Framework (FCF). For Employment Pass applications, the role must be advertised on MyCareersFuture for at least 28 calendar days before MOM will consider the application — unless the role qualifies for an exemption. Skipping this step or submitting an advertisement that does not meet MOM’s standards is one of the most common reasons EP applications are delayed or rejected. Incomplete submissions are the other leading cause of delays. Submit everything in one go — MOM may give you a window to provide missing documents, but missing that window means starting over. Read more: Tips for a Successful Work Pass Application in Singapore Singapore Work Permit Eligibility: Key Factors MOM Assesses Meeting the minimum salary threshold is necessary — but it is not sufficient on its own. MOM evaluates the following factors for every Singapore work pass application: The COMPASS framework deserves special attention. It scores EP applications across individual criteria — salary benchmark, qualifications, diversity — and firm-based criteria, including the company’s local workforce support. Candidates must reach a minimum of 40 points to qualify. Here is why this matters in practice: a candidate earning S$7,500 per month in a technology role could still face rejection if their prospective employer scores poorly on workforce diversity or local hiring. The application is never evaluated in isolation. Strong personal credentials are essential — but so is choosing an employer whose hiring profile supports your application. Read more: How to Check Your Singapore Work Pass Application Status Efficiently How to Submit Your Singapore Work Pass Application: Step by Step Here is the full process from start to finish. Two important points to remember: Read more: Tips for a Successful Work Pass Application in Singapore Work Pass Processing Time in Singapore: Realistic Timelines to Plan Around There is no guaranteed processing window. MOM reviews each application individually, and more complex cases take longer. That said, here are the standard timelines most applicants can plan around: Pass Type Standard Processing Time Employment Pass Approximately 3 weeks S Pass Approximately 3 weeks EntrePass Approximately 8 weeks Personalised Employment Pass Approximately 8 weeks Work Permit Within 1 week (online application) Training Employment Pass Approximately 3 weeks Applications that are flagged for manual review take longer — and MOM does not notify you when this happens. You simply have to wait and monitor the portal. Two planning mistakes employers commonly make: Work pass processing time in Singapore is manageable when you plan. The problems arise when applications are submitted at the last minute. The Work Pass Detail Most Singapore Applicants Miss in 2026 Most candidates focus entirely on their own salary and qualifications. In 2026, that

Thinking about making Singapore your permanent home? A Singapore PR application is your first step towards long-term stability — the right to live, work, and study here without a visa countdown hanging over you. It is a significant life decision, and the process matters more than most people realise. This guide covers everything you need to know: who qualifies, what documents to prepare, how to apply for PR in Singapore step by step, how long it takes, and the one thing most applicants overlook. Whether you are just starting or ready to submit, this is your 2026 roadmap. Key Takeaways Who Is Eligible for a Singapore PR Application? Before you prepare a single document, confirm which eligibility category applies to you. Eligibility Category Key Notes Employment Pass or S Pass holder Most common route — apply under the PTS scheme Spouse of a Singapore citizen or PR Singaporean sponsor must initiate via Singpass Unmarried child below 21 Parent logs in to sponsor the application An aged parent of a Singapore citizen A citizen child must be at least 21 years old A student who passed a national exam Must have resided in Singapore for at least two years Foreign investor Apply via the Global Investor Programme through EDB ICA does not work from a fixed checklist. Instead, it assesses each profile holistically — looking at family ties, economic contributions, qualifications, age, and length of residency. Two applicants with the same salary can receive very different outcomes depending on the full picture. For most EP and S Pass holders, the Professional, Technical Personnel and Skilled Workers (PTS) scheme is the primary pathway. Understanding this from the start helps you prepare the right supporting narrative. Read more: Permanent Resident Criteria in Singapore: Factors ICA Considers Singapore Permanent Residency Requirements: What ICA Actually Looks At There is no official minimum salary for a Singapore PR application. ICA does not publish a scoring system. What it does look at is the full picture of your life in Singapore. Key factors ICA weighs: The 2025–2026 assessment climate also reflects a notable shift. ICA is placing greater emphasis on long-term commitment — not just economic value. Applicants who demonstrate that they are genuinely building a life here, rather than simply working here, tend to receive more favourable consideration. Read more: Singapore PR Eligibility Criteria and How to Strengthen Your Application PR Application Documents in Singapore: The Complete Checklist Getting your PR application documents right in Singapore is non-negotiable. A missing or outdated document is the most common reason ICA requests supplementary submissions, which delays your application by weeks. Core documents required: Fees at a glance: Stage Fee At submission S$100 per applicant (non-refundable) Entry Permit (upon approval) S$20 Five-year Re-Entry Permit S$50 Singapore Identity Card S$50 One detail many applicants miss: CPF statements are cross-checked directly against your payslips. Any discrepancy — even a minor one — can trigger a request for clarification and slow down your timeline. Read more: Essential Documents for a Successful PR Application in Singapore How to Apply for PR in Singapore: Step-by-Step Process Here is how to apply for PR in Singapore from start to finish. Important: Family-tied applications require the Singaporean sponsor to log in and initiate the application. The applicant cannot submit independently — the sponsor must go first. Read more: How to Track Your ICA PR Application Status Online PR Application Processing Time in Singapore: What to Expect Standard PR application processing time in Singapore is four to six months. More complex cases — those requiring panel review or additional documentation — can take up to twelve months. A longer wait is not a red flag. It often means your application is receiving a thorough review, not that it has been flagged negatively. A few things worth knowing: During the wait, continue building your profile. Enrolling children in local schools, joining community groups, and maintaining consistent CPF contributions all work in your favour — even after submission. Read more: How to Get PR in Singapore: 2026 Eligibility & Process The One Factor Most PR Applicants Overlook in 2026 Most applicants focus entirely on salary, job title, and documents. That is necessary — but it is no longer sufficient. In 2026, ICA’s assessment places increasing weight on what can be described as a commitment dossier — verifiable evidence that you are genuinely sinking roots in Singapore, not simply earning a living here. What counts as proof of commitment: Why does this matter? In 2024, approximately 35,264 PRs were granted. Conservative estimates suggest upwards of 150,000 applications were submitted that year — meaning the competition is real, and standing out on salary alone is increasingly unlikely. The December 2025 Re-Entry Permit (REP) rule reinforces this shift. PRs who are overseas without a valid REP now have 180 days to apply for a new one or risk losing their PR status permanently. ICA is signalling clearly: commitment to Singapore must be demonstrated, not assumed. This is the section of your application most people leave blank — and it is increasingly the section that separates approvals from rejections. Frequently Asked Questions About the Singapore PR Application How long does it take to get PR approved in Singapore? Standard processing takes four to six months from the date of submission. Complex profiles or those requiring additional panel review may take up to twelve months. ICA does not share interim decisions. You can track your application status through the official ICA e-Service portal. A longer wait does not mean rejection — it typically indicates a thorough review is underway. How much does it cost to apply for PR in Singapore? The ICA submission fee is S$100 per applicant, payable online and non-refundable. Upon approval, additional fees apply: S$20 for the Entry Permit, S$50 for a five-year Re-Entry Permit, and S$50 for the Singapore Identity Card. Payment is accepted via Visa, Mastercard, AMEX, internet direct debit, or PayNow. Can I apply for Singapore PR after two years? There is no officially mandated minimum residency

The minimum salary for a work permit in Singapore depends on the type of pass you are applying for. In 2026, Employment Pass holders must earn at least S$5,600 per month. The S Pass minimum salary starts at S$3,300. Work Permit holders have no fixed salary floor, but employers must pay levies and meet quota rules. Singapore’s work pass system can feel complex, especially with recent changes to salary benchmarks and the COMPASS framework. This guide breaks down the work permit salary in Singapore by pass type, covers sector-specific rules, and explains what is changing beyond 2026. Key Takeaways Work Permit Salary in Singapore: How the Pass System Works Before looking at specific numbers, it helps to understand how Singapore’s pass system is structured. There is no single “work permit” that covers everyone. The Ministry of Manpower (MOM) administers several pass types, each with its own salary and eligibility rules. The three most relevant categories for foreign workers are: Each pass serves a different segment of the workforce. Applying under the wrong category is one of the most common mistakes employers make — and it often leads to outright rejection. If you are unsure which pass suits your situation, Catalyst Immigration’s Work Pass Application service can help you identify the right pathway from the start. Minimum Salary Requirements for Each Work Pass in 2026 Here is a clear overview of the minimum salary for work permits in Singapore across all major pass types as of 2026. Pass Type Minimum Monthly Salary Financial Services Sector Key Requirement Employment Pass (EP) S$5,600 S$6,200 Must pass COMPASS S Pass S$3,300 S$3,800 Quota and levy apply Work Permit (WP) No fixed minimum No fixed minimum Levy and quota apply Personalised Employment Pass S$22,500 S$22,500 Not tied to a single employer Training Employment Pass S$3,000 S$3,000 For practical trainees only Now, let us look at what each of these means in practice. 1. Employment Pass Salary Requirements The EP is Singapore’s primary pass for foreign professionals. To qualify in 2026, candidates must earn at least S$5,600 per month — or S$6,200 if they work in financial services. However, salary alone is not enough. Since September 2023, all EP applications must also pass COMPASS, a points-based framework that evaluates the candidate’s salary, qualifications, the employer’s workforce diversity, and support for local hiring. You need at least 40 points to qualify. One detail many applicants overlook: the salary threshold scales with age. A candidate in their mid-40s may need to earn approximately S$10,700 to S$11,800 to meet MOM’s benchmarks. The younger you are, the closer you can stay to the base threshold. Employers must also post the job on MyCareersFuture for at least 14 days before applying for an EP. This demonstrates fair consideration of local candidates. 2. S Pass Minimum Salary The S Pass minimum salary in 2026 is S$3,300 per month for most sectors and S$3,800 for financial services. Like the EP, the qualifying salary increases progressively with the candidate’s age. The S Pass comes with two additional obligations for employers: For many mid-sized companies, the S Pass is a practical option for hiring skilled technicians, supervisors, and specialist roles that do not meet EP salary thresholds. 3. Work Permit Salary: What Employers Need to Know Unlike the EP and S Pass, the Work Permit has no fixed work permit salary threshold. MOM does not set a minimum salary for WP holders. That said, employers still carry significant financial obligations: The absence of a salary floor does not mean employers can pay whatever they choose. MOM is tightening enforcement on under-declared wages, and underpaying workers — even unintentionally — now carries heavier penalties. Work Permit Levies and Quotas by Sector in Singapore For employers hiring Work Permit holders, the real cost goes beyond salary. Levies and quotas shape how many foreign workers you can hire and how much each one costs. Here is a summary of the current levy structure across the five main WP sectors. Sector Dependency Ratio Ceiling Levy — Higher-Skilled (R1) Levy — Basic-Skilled (R2) Services 35% S$350/month S$500/month Manufacturing 60% S$350/month S$550/month Construction 83.3% S$300/month S$700/month Process 60% S$300/month S$450/month Marine Shipyard 77.8% S$300/month S$700/month A few things to note: For a detailed breakdown of sector rules, visit MOM’s services sector requirements page. If your company is relocating operations to Singapore and needs to plan workforce composition, Catalyst Immigration’s Business Relocation Services can help you navigate these requirements. Upcoming Changes to Work Pass Salary Thresholds Beyond 2026 Singapore does not stand still on workforce policy. As part of Budget 2026, MOM announced further salary increases that will take effect in the coming years. From January 2027 (new applications) and January 2028 (renewals): From 2028: What this means for employers: If you are hiring at just above the current threshold, your employee’s pass may not be renewable when the new minimums kick in. Budget for the higher benchmarks now to avoid disruptions later. What this means for workers: Understanding these upcoming thresholds helps you negotiate a salary that keeps your pass secure beyond the current cycle. A salary that barely qualifies today may fall short at renewal. Which Work Pass Matches Your Salary in Singapore? Not sure which pass you should be looking at? Here is a simple guide based on monthly salary. Choosing the correct pass from the outset saves time, avoids rejection, and positions you for a smoother transition if you decide to pursue permanent residency in the future. Frequently Asked Questions About Work Permit Salary in Singapore Is there a minimum salary for a Work Permit in Singapore? No. The Work Permit does not have a fixed minimum salary requirement set by MOM. However, employers must pay monthly levies, meet quota limits, and comply with sector-specific wage benchmarks. MOM is enforcing these benchmarks more strictly from 2026, so paying below market rates carries real risk. What is the S Pass minimum salary in 2026? The S Pass minimum salary is S$3,300 per month for most sectors and S$3,800

Singapore is one of Asia’s most sought-after destinations for professionals, families, and investors looking to settle long-term. If you want to know how to get a PR in Singapore, the process starts with confirming your eligibility under one of ICA’s recognised schemes, submitting your application through the e-PR portal, and waiting four to six months for a decision. In 2024, Singapore granted 35,264 new permanent residencies — the highest number since 2010. Yet approvals remain selective. This guide walks you through every Singapore PR requirement, the application steps, and when to apply for the strongest chance of success. Key Takeaways Singapore PR Eligibility: Who Can Apply in 2026 Before learning how to apply for PR in Singapore, you need to confirm which scheme you fall under. ICA recognises the following eligibility categories. 1. Professionals, Technical Personnel and Skilled Workers (PTS Scheme) This is the most common pathway. If you hold a valid Employment Pass or S Pass and are working in Singapore, you may apply under the PTS scheme. Professionals in sectors such as technology, finance, healthcare, and engineering tend to have stronger prospects due to Singapore’s economic priorities. The PTS scheme does not require a minimum period of employment. However, applicants who have worked for at least six months before applying are better positioned. If you are a working professional exploring this route, Catalyst Immigration’s Permanent Residency Application service provides a personalised eligibility analysis and strategic guidance tailored to your profile. 2. Family Ties Scheme Foreign spouses of Singapore citizens or permanent residents may apply under this scheme. Unmarried children under 21 — born within the context of a legal marriage or legally adopted — are also eligible. Aged parents of Singapore citizens may apply if their citizen child is at least 21 years old and willing to act as a sponsor. It is worth noting that parents of permanent residents are not eligible under this route. Only parents of Singapore citizens qualify. 3. Student Scheme International students studying in Singapore may apply if they have resided in the country for at least two years and have passed at least one national examination. Recognised examinations include the PSLE, GCE N-Level, O-Level, and A-Level, as well as the Integrated Programme. Students with consistent academic results and involvement in co-curricular activities tend to have stronger applications. 4. Global Investor Programme (GIP) The GIP is designed for high-net-worth individuals and experienced entrepreneurs. It is managed by the Economic Development Board (EDB), not ICA directly. Investors must commit a minimum of S$10 million in an approved Singapore-based business or fund. This route is highly selective and suits a very specific profile. For more details, visit Catalyst Immigration’s Global Investor Programme page. Singapore PR Requirements: What ICA Assesses Understanding Singapore PR requirements goes beyond knowing which scheme you qualify for. ICA does not use a fixed scoring formula. Instead, each application is assessed holistically based on several factors. Factor What It Means for Your Application Economic contribution Your salary, tax payments, CPF contributions, and the relevance of your industry to Singapore’s economy Qualifications Educational background, professional certifications, and specialised skills Age Younger applicants with long-term earning potential are generally viewed more favourably Family profile Whether your spouse and children are in Singapore, and any family ties to Singaporean citizens Length of residency How long have you lived and worked continuously in Singapore Community integration Evidence of local involvement, such as volunteering, donations, or children enrolled in local schools Singapore’s total fertility rate fell to 0.97 in 2024 — a record low. At the same time, citizens aged 65 and above now make up nearly 20% of the population. These demographic pressures are a key reason the government continues to grant approximately 33,000 to 35,000 new PRs each year, while keeping the total PR population stable at around 540,000. This means ICA is not loosening its standards. It is actively seeking applicants who can contribute economically and integrate into society long-term. Understanding what ICA values gives you a real advantage when preparing your application. For a deeper look at what strengthens a profile, read Permanent Resident Criteria in Singapore: Factors ICA Considers. How to Apply for PR in Singapore: A Step-by-Step Guide Once you are confident in your eligibility, here is exactly how to apply for PR in Singapore through the official ICA process. Step 1: Confirm your eligibility Review ICA’s eligibility categories and determine which scheme applies to your situation. If you are applying under the Family Ties Scheme, your Singaporean sponsor must initiate the application. Step 2: Prepare your documents Gather all required supporting documents. These typically include: Non-English documents must be translated into English and certified by a notary public or the relevant embassy. Self-employed applicants should also prepare their ACRA business profile and at least three years of financial statements. Step 3: Log in to the ICA e-PR portal You will need a Singpass account to access the portal. If your Singpass is not yet activated, allow two to five working days for approval. Sponsors must log in using their own Singpass to initiate family-tied applications. Step 4: Complete the form and upload documents Fill in all personal, employment, and family details accurately. You have seven days from the start of the application to upload all supporting documents. Step 5: Pay the processing fee The application fee is S$100 per applicant. This is non-refundable regardless of the outcome. Step 6: Wait for the outcome Processing typically takes four to six months, though complex cases may take longer. You can track the status of your application through the MyICA portal. ICA may request additional documents during the review period — respond promptly to avoid delays. You can learn more about tracking in this guide: How to Track Your ICA PR Application Status Online. Step 7: Complete PR formalities (if approved) If your application is approved, you will need to book an appointment at the ICA building to complete formalities. You will collect your blue Identity Card (IC) and Re-Entry Permit (REP)